How to Communicate in a Good Way

Name : Rivaldi Anwar

Npm : 1910631060131

Class : 3D

Humans are social creatures who need interaction with each other. You are sure to communicate every day with coworkers, family, or even strangers that you just met. Communicating well will help to understand each other, avoid misunderstandings, and of course make other people happy to converse with you. Even not only that, having the ability to communicate well can open business or career opportunities for you. Therefore, having good communication skills is important.

Here are some reasons for the importance of communication methods that need to know, some of which are:

1. Messages Can Be Delivered

The reason for the importance of the first way of communication is that the message to be conveyed can be conveyed properly and precisely. One way to communicate well is to ensure that what is conveyed can be understood properly by the listener.

2. Communication is Needed in Various Areas of Life

As stated earlier, communication is something that cannot be abandoned by everyone as a social being. This is also because communication is needed in various fields of life, such as in education, work and business, as well as the importance of communication in interpersonal relationships.

3. Strengthening Relationships

There is still a connection with the second reason, a way of communication is also needed to build and strengthen relationships. If the way the communication is carried out is not good or ineffective it can affect the communication process that is taking place with one another. 

4. Communication Becomes Effective

As stated earlier, one of the main reasons for the importance of this way of communication is that it can make ongoing communication more effective. Without a way of communication, everyone will find it more difficult to understand each other, even possibly to hinder the process of communicating with each other.

Obstacles in Communication Process

In every communication process, there are obstacles that have the potential to interfere with the process of delivering messages from communicators to communicants. If there are only small obstacles in the communication process, then the effect will be small and can be eliminated. If the obstacles in the communication process are large, the communication process can be disrupted and even potentially fail due to these obstacles.

The following are various obstacles in the communication process that can occur when two or more people communicate. The obstacles in the communication process include:

1. Noise

2. Lack of communicator / communicant skills

3. Language

4. The message content is redundant

5. One way

6. Technical factors 

7. Interests / interest

8. Prejudice

Factors Causing Impaired Communication

Good communication is effective communication. By using effective communication, we can convey our ideas precisely and clearly, so that the communicant can understand what we are conveying easily. However, it is not uncommon for various factors to cause communication disorders, so that the communication we do becomes ineffective. Therefore, knowing the factors that cause communication disorders and also how to overcome them is the right step.

1. Language Problem

Language is a unified message system that we use to communicate in general. Therefore, if we do not know the language system of the interlocutor, or vice versa, the interlocutor does not understand the language we use to communicate, then this will prevent us from communicating well.

2. Perception

Perception of the speaker or listener can influence the results of the communication carried out. It could be that the results of communication are very different from what the speaker expects, because of the listeners' perceptions of the speaker. For example, a government that submits a tax increase is considered money by the people because of the perception that the government often pays attention to itself and ignores the interests of the people.

3. Message not clear

Of course, messages that are not clear will interfere with communication. For example, if we write a letter, but our writing cannot be read properly, then the person we are sending the letter to will have difficulty reading it. In addition, the structure of the messages we write can also affect the level of success of listeners with the messages we make. Therefore unclear messages are often a communication breakdown.

4. The message source is too weak

One of the causes of subsequent communication disruption is the existence of a message source that is too weak. This can occur in direct communication or using voice as a medium to convey messages. A voice that is too weak will make it difficult for the audience to listen to the message conveyed by the communicator, resulting in a communication breakdown when this occurs.

5. Speech or language style

Speech or language style, can also be the cause of difficulty understanding messages, or messages are misunderstood, which is one of the causes of communication disorders that tend to occur frequently. For example, if people who often communicate with a speaking style are not to the point, then this will make it difficult for communicants who often speak to the point, aka directly on the main issue.

How to Improve Communication

In communicating, sometimes the results achieved are not what was expected. In other words, the communication that occurs is not effective, so it does not reach the target well. To be able to communicate effectively several requirements are needed, including: perception, accuracy, credibility, control, and suitability.

1. Perception

The communicator must be able to predict whether the messages to be conveyed can be received by the recipient of the message. If the prediction is right, the audience will read or receive the response correctly. Audience as the recipient of the message will then anticipate the reaction of the communicator to compile the message they receive, while still making adjustments to avoid misunderstanding in the communication.

2. Accuracy

Audience has a frame of mind. In order for communication to reach the target, communicators need to express what they want to convey in accordance with the audience's frame of mind. If this is ignored, miscommunication will appear.

3. Credibility

In communicating, communicators need to have a belief that their audiences are people who can be trusted. Likewise, the communicator must have a belief in the core of the message and the intentions they want to convey.

4. Control

In communicating, the audience will give a reaction or response to the message conveyed. Their reactions can make the communicator laugh, cry, act, change his mind or be gentle. This is determined by the intensity of the audience's reaction to what the communicator says. Conversely, audience reaction depends on whether or not the communicator controls the audience when communicating.

5. Compatibility / compatibility

Good communicators can always maintain a pleasant friendly relationship with the audience so that communication can run smoothly and achieve its goals. A good communicator will also respect and succeed in making a good impression on his audience.

Tips and Trick to get a high Reading TOEFL Score

Name : Rivaldi Anwar

Class  : 3D

Post Intermediate Reading

If you are going to participate in TOEFL, you may already know that these four parts include reading, listening, speaking and writing. They all tested your ability to communicate effectively in English. The reading part is the first part of the test. It involves reading long articles (minimum six paragraphs) on specific topics. 

The topics are usually highly technical and are always written in an academic style. There are three to four such paragraphs in the reading section, and each paragraph has its own twelve multiple choice questions. 

These questions may test vocabulary knowledge, general understanding of paragraphs, and understanding of sentences or words. The ability to infer and summarize the information shown in the text is also essential for the reading section.

There are multiple study strategies and areas of improvement that you may consider to get a higher score on the reading section of the test.

1. Improve Your Reading Speed

For the TOEFL test, time is of the essence. In fact, when all other conditions are the same, good timing and self-discipline will affect your TOEFL score. In other parts, time is specifically designated. For example, when you speak, you will have 15 seconds to prepare the answer, and 45 seconds to record the answer. In the "Listening" section, you can only hear the conversation when it is played to you. 

The reading part requires you and you alone to create a sense of time and rhythm. You need to determine how much time is left to complete the reading and give answers. This is trickier than it looks, because you will not be faced with one incomprehensible text, but multiple (three or four) texts.

The Reading section can have up to 56 questions for 3 or 4 passages, and the maximum time given for the section is 80 minutes. That means you will have only 5 minutes to read each text and about 1 minute to answer each question in the Reading section.

If you want to have more time to answer the questions, you will need read each passage in just 3 or 4 minutes—and you’re probably going to want to read each passage more than once. That’s tough!

To be successful, you need to start to increase your reading speed. 

Time yourself when studying for the exam and note how long it will take you to pass a given passage. You may notice that when your level of understanding drops, your speed will slow down, which is normal! When you know less, you need to slow down and read carefully. 

Everyone's reading speed is different. Your task is to make the reading speed a little faster for a specific exam situation, so you can switch gears and enter full speed mode if necessary.

2. Improve understanding speed

Once you have improved your reading speed and can easily master complex English articles in less time (less than 4 minutes to be precise), you can proceed to the next step. Now you need to teach yourself to stay calm and avoid feeling stressed when encountering unfamiliar words. 

The reading part will be filled with challenging words you have never seen before. They entered challenging words that you might not know on purpose. The reading part will ask you to infer meaning and infer information from words you don't understand. This is the actual test content of the reading part. It is not your ability to memorize a vocabulary before the exam, but your skill at dealing with vocabulary words that you do not know . Not only is it normal not to know a word, but people who use English as a foreign language also want to know it.

When you stumble across a word you do not understand, your first reaction might be to check Google Translate or consult a dictionary. When these tools are not available, you may panic and get hung up on trying to understand the word, wasting time that is extremely valuable for you during the TOEFL.

3. Learn Specific Vocabulary

Even if you encounter unknown words, developing a beautiful and extensive vocabulary will never hurt anyone. When you study the "reading" part of the TOEFL, whether you are at home or in class, please continue to look for words you don't understand! Since you are practicing the "reading" part of TOEFL, try to read each text completely without looking for any words. 

After reading the full text and trying to understand everything by yourself, you can look up words. This is very similar to the actual test situation. List unfamiliar words and use English to English dictionary for translation. This is very important! You must avoid the temptation to use a dictionary to translate English words into your native language. Don't give in!

The English-to-English dictionary will be very helpful for you. Not only will you read clear English instructions for words you don't understand, but you will also familiarize yourself with synonyms (similar words) and antonyms (opposite words). Prompt! This is very useful and very suitable for the TOEFL test. Your vocabulary will increase, and your confidence will increase. By the test day, you will have a larger English vocabulary to help you.

4. Keep Going 

Time is the entire content of the TOEFL test. When it comes to the reading part, please remember that you will not pass more than 4 minutes each time, so please do not hang up every time you read. Try not to stop! In any case, keep going. 

There are multiple paragraphs in the test to ensure that you feel more comfortable with one or the other. Some seem harder, some seem easier. Skip this passage, write down the key words in the sentence, leave unfamiliar terms, and remember that the TOEFL paragraph may contain words that even native speakers don’t usually know. 

Remember, TOEFL is very specific.

5. Use line numbers 

The TOEFL quirk of numbering the fifth line in a paragraph is designed to help you navigate to the word or sentence mentioned in the question. Practice finding specific rows by the number provided-you may be surprised how much time is actually wasted to find rows 29 or 47! That being said, when you start the actual TOEFL test, take a deep breath and don't let the reading part exhaust you. You have done enough practice and study, now it is time to show your excellent English reading ability!

But there is another trick to help you understand the text quickly the trick is namely : 

Skimming

Skimming involves reading quickly to get the main idea of a text. Reading topic sentences (usually the first sentence of a paragraph) can be an effective way of understanding the main idea of the text. 

Scanning

Scanning involves searching for numbers, symbols and long words in a text. This is a useful way of locating answers in reading exams. You can scan the text for words or numbers from the question.

Reading for detail or intensive reading

We use this skill when we need to understand every work in a part of a text. This may be used when we answer detailed reading questions in exams.

Teaching English for Young Learners: Seminar Resume

Main Room 1

Speakers : Prof. Bachrudin Musthafa, M.A., Ph.D. 

Topic : “Essential in TEYL for Indonesian Elementary Schools: An update for 2020 Challenges in Teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) to young learners in indonesia

1. English in Indonesia has the official status of foreign language (EFL) This FL status has consequences: lack of exposure, lack of egagement: and lack of suppor

2. Issues of teachers; confidence and capabilities in teaching EFL to young learners

3. Issues of sponsorship

Part C : Learning from excellent TEYL Programs and Responding to the Challenges

1. TEYL Comes in different forms and intensity of practice

a. modest time ( 1-1,5 hours per week) --- Very Weak Impacts

b. significant time (20-30% usinf English to teach other subject) --- STRONGER IMPACT

c. substantial time ( 50-90% using English to teach other content subjects) --- STRONGEST IMPACT

1. Effective Teacher of English Can fluently use English for functional communicative purposes, including for instructional purposes. ( effective English teachers are disciplined in using English) Excellent teachers of English know who children are and how these children learn.

a.   Children learn from direct experiences;

b.  Children learn from hands-on physical activities;

c.   Children thingking is embedded in there-and-now context of situation;

d.  Children learn holistically from whole to parts using scripts;

e. And children have a short memory spam

By referring to these participant, teachers help increase children’s learning motivation beacuase they can see for themselves that English is useful.

2.  Excelent English Teachers to Young Learners Know How Children Acquire a Language. A handy rule is as follows: exposure engagement and supports these three components represent a requirement for learning to happen :

--- exposure to English (where children are exposed to language in use which can serve as examples to learn from)

--- engagement ( where children are provided with opportunities to use and work with English; and

---- consistent supports (where the learners see for themselves that learning a language is useful and the language they learn is recognized as prestigious)

Excellent English teachers take a responsibility to ensure children's English learning

1. Use English to provide exposure to functional

2. Provide print-rich environtment in English (e.g., pictures with captions)

3. Focus on functional English for vocabulary development and immediate communicative needs fulfillment.

4. Reiterate often to ensure acquisition.

5. Establish useful, acquisition promoting routine

D. Can Indonesia Handle the Challenge?

1. Choose only excellent TEYL teachers to be assigned to teach in class.

a. The teachers should be proficient in English (both spoken and written).

b. The teachers should be conversant with the notion of who children are and how children learn.

2 Teachers of English should be disciplined in using English as much as possible during teaching-learning process.

3. Apply a merit-system in managing teachers' work and payment. Introduce contract-based assignment of teachers in the school system.

Parallel Session 1 Asst. Prof. Rolando P. Quinones, Jr., MA. Ed., TESOL “From Traditional to Digital: Quality Instructions and Materials Preparation for Online English Instructions for Distance Learners”.

The Ususal Isues In Online Instructions In The Phillipines

·       Connectivity Isuues

·       Weak signal for mobile connection

·       Paid subscription platform are off and on too

·        Failure to adjust to onlinemode of learning and/orinstructionsMismatch of learners' learning style to the online mode

INSTRUCTIONS IN THE MIDST OF THE PANDEMIC

1. We need to ensure that we are still able to deliver quality instructions with the help of technology

2. Technology use will be maximized with considerations to the capacities and limitations of the situation most especially, of the students and the teacher/instructors

3. Run a quick survey or conduct an informal interview (online) to have an audit of the students’ capacity to connect online

4. The survey may also be used for knowing the learners preferred online activities in learning English.

BEFORE:

1. Students had to go to the schools.

2. Students had to submit tangible outputs/projects.

3. Pen and paper exams.

After:

1. Student needs to go to online.

2.Students have to upload and send their academic outputs via e-mail or drives.

3. Online examinations/virtual outputs.  

Syncronous Learning: Activities that happen in real time, usually via videoconferencing	Asyncronous Learning: Online Learning activities that students can do on their own and their own pace, within a reasonable time frame
Live Class	Google Clasroom
Consultan period	Printed Textbooks
Online check in and Check Out	Koobits Minscore and scilearn
Weekly Synthesis	Extracurricular activities (ECA)
Quarterly Assesment

 

CHOOSING THE MATERIALS IN PREPARATION FOR THE LISTENING ACTIVITIES?

1. Choose what's accessible for you and your students that they do not need to go out of their homes.

2. Choose affordable materials, if not, free ones Make sure that your learners have quality headphones/headsets so they will hear you clearly

3. Make sure that your microphone is not static or grounded

4. Make use of available online resources but make it sure that the sites are working at the time of your lesson

 

Skills & Strategies

Skills

Identify Main ldea & Details, Determine Author's Purpose, Make Connections, Ask Questions, Identify Cause & Effect, Make Inferences, Classif'y & Categorize, Compare &Contrast, Draw Conclusions, Determine Fact & Opinion, Describe Figurative Language, Understand Text Structure, Identify Genre, Describe Plot, Identify the Point of View, Make Predictions, Sequence Events, Describe Story Structure, Identify Explicit Information in Non-fiction Text Determine Theme Summarized.

 Strategies

Make Connections, Ask Questions, Make Inferences Visualize, Determine Important Information, Monitor Comprehension, Understand Text Structure

Parallel Session 2 Yuna Tresna Wahyuna, S.S., M.Hum 

TOPIC: The Three Period Lesson: A Key Part of The Montessori Method 

 

Who Was Maria Montessori?

Dr. Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was an Italian physician and anthropologist who devoted her life to understanding how children develop socially, intellectually, physically, and spiritually. By carefully observing children all over the world, she discovered universal patterns of development which are found in all children regardless of their culture or the era in which they live.

Montessori Method 

The montessori method is founded on Maria Montessori's educational philosophy

The teacher's role is to prepared the classroom, and observe and guide their students in learning. As a result, children progress at their own pace, according to their own abilities.

Principle of Montessori 

1. Follow the child

Children are free to choose and work on activities at their own pace. Here, they experience a combination of freedom and self-discipline, as guided by the environment and the teacher.

2. Through work in the montessori environment, children learn to develop concentration, self-discipline,and a love of learning

The Three Period Lesson

Purpose of Three Period Lesson is to introduce a concept or vocabulary and demonstrate the purpose of a material

In simple terms, the three steps, or periods, are:

1. Naming (Introduction) "This is a dog."

2. Recognizing (Identification) "Show me the dog."

3. Recalling (Cognition) "What is this?"

1. The First Period: "This is _______."

You have been naming people, places, and things for your baby from the very beginning. These names are used over and over, clearly isolating and identifying objects with one-word descriptions.

The baby hears the sounds and begins to understand language. Children will not distinguish differences at this early age - for example all people may be "mama" or all animals might be called "dogs." Lots of names are learned before a child learns to speak, and understanding often comes before a child is able to verbalize.

2. The Second Period: "Show me ______."

This stage of learning is the longest, and your child needs to have many, many experiences hearing the names of things.

You may have noticed that your child looks in the direction of an object you name. She is indeed connecting the word with the object. Later, your little one understands simple instructions. Montessori identified how important movement is for learning, so play games that incorporate movement. For example, ask your child to find the ball and bring it to you. Peek-a-Boo games help children learn during the second period. "Where is Teddy? There he is!" Naming games are fun for children whether reading together, riding in the car, or playing "I Spy" at home. "Where's the horse?" "Find the red balloon." "Where is your excavator?"

3. The Third Period: "What is this?"

Although some call the third period "the test," don't ask your child a vocabulary question until you know he will be successful. Recall how delighted you were when your child first said "Mama" or "doggie." When the child can name something, it signals cognition, the third step of learning. If you ask, "What is this?" your child might not know. This tells you that more repetition and experience is needed. Never indicate that your child has failed. Just go back to the second period. Play more naming games, reintroduce vocabulary while you talk about what you see, and then enjoy your child's amazing "absorbent mind."

"The purpose of the three-period lesson is to help the child to better understand...and to allow you to see how well the child is grasping and absorbing what you are showing him.

—Elizabeth Hainstock, Teaching Montessori in the Home

 

Folk Dance And Modern Dance

Indonesia's Traditional Folk Dances

One of the biggest folk dance traditions in Indonesia is that of the island of Bali. Bali is regularly visited by tourists seeking not only an exotic location, but also a vibrant arts scene. Bali is able to cater to this tourist desire with ease; organized performances feature classic Balinese dances of several different types.

Balinese Folk Dances

There are two different types of traditional Balinese folk dance. 'Wali' is a sacred folk dance, and 'Bebalihan' are dances intended for entertainment purposes only. This division is one of the best things that Indonesian folk dance could have possibly done to make sure that folk dancing stays alive and well for centuries. While many cultures experience disputes over cultural dances with religious underpinnings, Bali's separation of entertainment and sacred ritual dancing makes it clear

Wali

Pendet: A religious ritual dance, Pendet is traditionally danced by young girls, with the purpose of purifying a temple before something else is going to happen. This dance may be performed in preparation for another dance, or for a religious happening in the temple.

Baris: A sacred warrior dance of Bali, in this dance a male dancer depicts a male soldier about to go off to battle. The dance is a reinforcement of his manhood and his ultimate ability to succeed in battle.

Bebalihan

Topeng: This masked dance has the function of telling stories. Traditionally, a narrator with a half mask tells the story out loud, and some dancers (all with full masks) act out the story that is being told. The stories detail ancient lives and times.

Ketjak: A surprising dance, this one was born only in the 20th century, which may explain why it's so different from other folk dances of Indonesia. In this dance, men form a large circle and reenact a battle, but the dance is thought to have roots in trance induction.

Javanese Folk Dance

Folk dance from Java, another island of Indonesia, has gained media attention around the world for being 'too graphic' sexually. The Javanese Jaipong dance is rooted in Javanese, and therefore Indonesian, cultural and dance history. However, like several Pacific folk dances, like Hawaiian hula dance, outsiders see the sexual innuendo in the dance in places where it is not even present.That's to say that there are no sexual notes in Jaipong-there are. Jaipong dance was created by Gugum Gumbira, who had been asked by the Indonesian president to help revive indigenous music and dance of Indonesia in 1961. Gumbira may have done the job a bit too well, because the dance became widely popular and appreciated. It's easy to see why some people find it inappropriate (traditionally, the singer in the dance was a prostitute); however, the roots of the dance are strong, and the dance can be interpreted in as sexual or in as artistic a manner as one likes.

Modern Dance

The modern dance movement began in the early 1900s as a rebellion against the formality and structure of ballet. Dancers wanted to move freely and naturally through space, not just vertical high as was typical of ballet. They wanted to be free of toe shoes and grasp the floor with bare feet. They wanted to involve the whole body in their dance, using torso, shoulders, head, arms, hands, even fingers. They wanted to incorporate the facial expressions that accompany the feelings and emotions of dance. Most importantly, they wanted their dance to be not just an intellectual and physical endeavor, but a creative one as well! 

In line with its development, modern dance can be categorized into several types, including hip-hop dance, concert dance, break dance, R&B dance, freestyle dance, and finally ballroom dance.

The following are the kinds of modern dance or dance:

1.Free dance

In the early 1900s a few dancers in Europe started to rebel against the rigid constraints of Classical Ballet. Shedding classical ballet technique, costume, and shoes these early modern dance pioneers practiced free dance. Although the term modern dance was not yet coined, these early precursors contributed, through their independence and originality, to dance as a rising art form whose prestige would be firmly established in America by the 1940s

At the turn of the century, in America, Loie Fuller, was captivating audiences with herburlesque techniques that were used in conjunction with her revolutionary lighting equipment and translucent silkcostumes. She patented her apparatus, her methods of stage lighting, and her voluminous silk costumes.

2. Robot Dance / robottic: 

The Robotic Dance is an illusionary dance style that attempts to mimic a dancing robot or mannequin style. It originated by Charles Washington, also known as 'Charles Robot' in the late 1960's, and gained further fame after The Jacksons performed the dance when they performed Dancing Machine. 

3. Blood-Elf Dance: 

This is a flexible dance or flexible dance. This is a new dance in today's era, many young people follow this dance. 

4. Breakdance: 

B-boying or what is commonly referred to as breakdancing, is a dance style that evolved as part of the hip-hop culture among Black and Latin American youth in the South Bronx, New York City during the 1970s. dancing to both hip-hop and other musical genres that are often remixed to extend musical breaks. One who practices this dance style is called a b-boy, b-girl, or breaker. Although breakdancing is a term of b-boying and breaking is preferred by most of the art form's most prominent pioneers and practitioners.

5. Moonwalk Dance:

The Moonwalk or backslide is a dance technique that presents the illusion of the dancer being pulled back while trying to move forward. A breakdancing move, it became popular worldwide after Michael Jackson executed a dance move during a Billie jean performance on Motown 25 on March 25, 1983. It later became his signature move, and is now one of the best known dance techniques in the world.

6. Hip-Hop

A cultural movement that began to grow around the 1970s which was developed by African-American and Latin-American people. Hip Hop is a very dynamic mix of elements consisting of MCing (better known as rapping), DJing, Breakdancing, and Graffiti. Lately, the Hip Hop element has also been colored by beatboxing, fashion, slang, and other lifestyles.

Initially the growth of Hip Hop started from The Bronx in New York City and continues to grow rapidly throughout the world. Hip hop was first introduced by an African-American, Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five. Initially Hip Hop music was only filled with music from Disk Jockey by making variations from disc rotations to produce unique sounds. "Rapping" was then present to fill in the vocals of these sounds. As for the choreography, the music is then filled with broken dances known as breakdancing. In its development, Hip Hop is also considered as a part of art and to express visual art, graffiti emerged as part of Hip Hop culture.

Traditional Game for Male and Female

 

Lompat Tali

This is a very popular game which elementary school girls play at recess time. It is much like skipping rope however the rope that the girls use is made from hundreds of elastic bands that are looped together to form a large ring. The girls take turns trying to jump over the elastic rope which is held by two girls at each end.

The height of the rope normally starts low, such as at ankle height, and gradually moves higher up the bodies of the children after the jumpers have successfully jumped over the lower height. Experienced jumpers can often jump over ropes that are neck high! A good thing that comes from using a rope that is made from rubber bands, is that if a jumper is not successful in jumping over the rope, the rope will give and the jumper will not be hurt in her unsuccessful attempt. Thus, a lot of skinned knees are avoided.

 

Gangsing or Gasing

This game is normally played by boys. The gangsing is a top made from bamboo with a small opening on the side. This small hole makes the top whistle very distinctively as it spins. The size of the hole determines the pitch of the whistle. String is wound around the dowel that goes through the center of the gangsing . The child then holds onto the flat bamboo handle that is tied to the end of the string and pulls this handle to set the gangsing spinning. Normally a circle is drawn on the ground about 50 cm. in diameter. Two children play against each other. The object of the game is to try and knock your opponents gangsing out of the designated circle. Gangsing are commonly sold outside the temples and tourist attractions in Yogyakarta, Central Java

 

 

Layang-layang

Layang-layang or kite flying is a very popular pastime for Indonesian children. This game is mostly played by boys because it is played outdoors and in open places such as fields. Provinces throughout the country have their own designs. There are two distinct types of kites: the first is those that are just to be used for flying which have a tailed attached to them to balance the kite; and those that will be used for one-on-one dogfights, a favorite pastime amongst kite flyers. 

Fighting kites do not have tails attached to them. They are made from light bamboo and waxed paper. Often the string that is attached to these kites is coated with crushed glass. The string is dipped in a solution of crushed glass, which has been boiled with ka, chemicals and dye. The mixture acts as an adherent so the tiny particles of glass will cling to the string. The string is strung out on a small rack to let it dry. This process makes the string very sharp and capable of cutting the opponents string.

Ready-made glass coated string can also be bought in various thickness. . Most kite flyers opt to buy ready-made string as it is a long and messy process to prepare their own. The choice of the thickness of the string would depend the on the size of the kite, and a greater consideration, the budget of the buyer. If the owner is not careful this string can also cut his fingers as well!

The object of the game is to try and cut the opponents' kite loose. The way that the string is attached to the kite determines the control that the flyer has over his kite. If the two holding strings are attached far apart to the frame of the kite, this will make it heavier to hold on to when it is flying. However, this gives the kite flyer greater control over the movements of the kite.  If the two holding strings are attached closer together onto the frame of the kite, this makes the kite much lighter to hold on to but sacrifices control. These kites tend to be wilder in flight. 

Experienced kite flyers know that a taunt string is not as easy to cut as a slack string, so it is up to the skill of the kite flyer to use techniques of pulling and releasing the string to try and avoid having his kite cut free. If a kite is cut free by an opponent, the victor is the one that is still holding a kite. The loose kites are often the culprits of reckless chases. The child that gets to the loose kite first is considered the new owner of the kite

 

 

My opinion about traditional game

Back when I was a kid traditional games were very popular with children, I usually played them together with other children around my house, examples of these traditional games are for example marbles, gangsing, jumping rope, kites and many more, usually there are different games played by both men and women, men tend to play active and outdoor games such as playing kites and gangsing and girls tend to like games that can be played anywhere such as jumping rope, congklak, or bekel ball, all games are played according to the tastes of each children, when I was child I  used to be very happy to play that because I could interact with other children and did not feel bored because there was a lot of jokes and laughter and that is good for children's personality and psychomotor development, but nowadays this traditional game is starting to be displaced by modern games, like games on smartphones, playstation, online games and others, and now I see that every children are rarely playing traditional games anymore, they are busy with their respective gadgets at home. Of course this can have a bad impact on children's development, they should be able to feel closeness and jokes with friends around them, and I hope that with the increasing popularity of modern games we don't forget the traditional games that are characteristic of the nation, we can re-popularize traditional games for Indonesian 

Reading Task 2

ANSWER

Look at the people in the pictures on the opposite page. Who do you think said each statement? Write Delana (D) or Ember (E).

1. I don’t like my name. I wish I could change it.

Answer : D (Delana)

2. I like my name. I think is preety.

Answer : E (Ember)

3. I like my name now. But as a kid, it bothered me because it was unusual.

Answer : D (Delana)

4. I like my name . it’s different .

Answer : E (Ember)

5. I’m not sure. I like my name.

Answer : D (Delana)

6. I don’t like my name. Other kids make fun of it.

Answer : D (Delana)

Write the number of the paragraph that each statement describes.

a. Names are very important to people.

Answer : paragraph 3

b. Some children with unusual names dislike their names and use nicknames.

Answer : paragraph 1

c. Most adults like their names, dispite how they felt when they were younger.

Answer : paragraph 2

Find the words in italics in the reading. Then match each word with its meaning.

( f ) 1. Stick(par.1)                          a. the most important part
  
( d ) 2. Come to terms (par.1)         b. become less and less

( c ) 3. Chance of heart (par.2)       c. a change of opinion

( b ) 4. Subside (par.2)                   d. accept a difficult situation

( g ) 5. Favorable (par.2)                e. laugh at

( a ) 6. Core (par.3)                        f. continue or stay

( e ) 7. Tease (par.4)                       g. good

Answer these questions.

1. If you have a child, what would you name him or or her? Why? If you already have a child, what name did you choose? Why? 

Answer : If I have a child I will name Abichandra Mahardika for a male because that name have meaning “light” and “knowledge”. And for females i'll choose name Anindya Lestari because that have meaning “beautiful” and “holy”.

2. What are your three favorite English names for males? For females? 

Answer : My favorite English name for male is Aaron, Martin, Jack. And for female is Amber, Charlotte, Megan

3. If you could change your name, what would you change it to? Why?

Answer : If I could change my name I would replace it with Adhitama Radhika because the name has a strong and emphatic meaning for men 

Reading Task Naming Traditions

Name : Rivaldi Anwar 

Npm : 1910631060131

Class : 3D - PBI

Answer 

1. Different naming traditions used by people around the world.
Answer : paragraph 5
2. Different naming traditions in the united state.
Answer : paragraph 7
3. Reasons why some people’s names are hard to remember.
Answer : paragraph 4
4. What happens to woman’s when she gets merried .
Answer : paragraph 7


A. Who do you think the text was written for? Check (√) the correct answer.

(× ) 1. People who are coming to the united states for the first time
(√) 2. People who are going to a non-English speaking country
(√ ) 3. Americans who are living in a foreign country
(× ) 4. Americans who are living in the united states


B. Write the correct name

1. Lee Hyun Ju is from korea. Her fiance’s name is An Ho Jae.
What is her name now? Ms. Or Miss Lee.
What is his name ? Mr. An.
What will her name be after she merries ? Ms. Or Mrs. Lee Hyun Ju.

2. Tomoko Kato is from Japan. Her fiance’s name is Hideo Suzuki.
What is her name now ? ms. Or miss Kato.
What is his name ? Mr. Hideo
What will her name be after she marries ? Ms. Or Mrs Tomoko Kato

3. Guadalupe Gomez is from mexico. Her fiance’s name is Emilo Rodriguez.
What is her name now ? Guadalupe Gomez.
What is his name ? Mr. Emilo Rodriguez.
What will her name be after she merries ? Ms. Or Mrs Guadalupe Gomez de Rodriguez.


C. Answer these questions.

1. Who do you call by their first name ? who calls you by your first name ? who do you call only by their last name?
Answer : I usually call most of my friends and my family by their first names, my family and my friends always call me by first name, but there are some friends who call by me their last name, for example Muhammad Fahmi i call him Fahmi, Raka Aji i call him Aji.

2. How would your name be different in the other countries mentioned in the reading ?

Answer : My name is Rivaldi Anwar and there is no surname in my last name, because in my family there is no surname, in Indonesia there is actually a tradition of naming children with the father's family name after children name. but that only applies to a few tribes and not the whole society does. Unlike in other countries that have naming tradisions, such as in mexico, where the names of wives and children are added with the names of their husbands after their names.

3. What would you tell a foreign visitor about the naming traditions in your countries ? 

Answer :I will tell them that there are several different naming traditions in one area that are different from other area, but I will say that it doesn't really matter because there are no regulations which governs of these names ,but to avoid mistakes in the pronunciation of the name, the tourist should ask the person directly.

Synonyms and Homonyms

Name : Rivaldi Anwar
Npm : 1910631060131
Class : 2D

                                                               

Synonyms
 

      The definition of synonyms is a word equation, which is a word that has a different form but has a similar meaning. The adjective form is synonymous. Synonymy is the relationship that exists between words with closely related meanings. Synonyms occur in a language in different contexts, such as formal and informal language, like you'd use in conversation, business, or academic paper.Also, some synonyms have slightly different connotations when they're used, even though they might mean the same thing. For example, look at the differences between the terms for money: moolah, greenbacks, cash, currency, and revenues, which all occur in different contexts and levels of formality. 

For Example :

• Easy: Simple, effortless, straightforward
• Hard: difficult, challenging, tough
• Big: large, huge, giant
• Small: tiny, little, mini
• Benefit: profit, revenue, yield

                                                 
Homonyms

       Homonyms is an English word that has a double meaning. The word has the same writing and pronunciation but different meanings. The word "homonym" comes from the prefix "homo-," which means the same, and the suffix "-nym," which means name. Therefore, a homonym is a word that has the same name as another word, meaning that the two words look and sound exactly alike. A simple example of a homonym is the word "pen." This can mean both "a holding area for animals" and "a writing instrument." Another example is "book," which can mean "something to read" or "the act of making a reservation." In both cases, the sound and spelling are the same, and only the definition changes.

For Example :

• Weak, Week
• Sun, Son
• See, Sea
• Plane, Plain
• Meet, Meat
• Bare, Bear 
• Bean, Been 
• Beat, Beet 
• Berth, Birth 
• Blew, Blue

Source :

https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/homonyms.htm

https://www.thoughtco.com/synonym-definition-1692177

My Daily Activity

        I wake up in the morning at 5 am. And i grab my cellphone just checking who knows there is information or assignment, and then I wash my face in bathroom after that i enjoy drinking coffee and eat some bread for breakfast because i need some energy to start a day,usually I keep washing my own clothes because it save my money than i go to the laundry. after finish I will prepare to take a bath, I just need 10 minute to take a bath because i will go to study starts at noon, i have lunch before i begins studying in the university, i lunch at restaurant its called warteg by people. after finished eating i prepared to go to campus by walking,after arriving at campus I learning english at my english education department i enjoyed studying at my campus, after it finishes I do not go home sometimes I go to a friend's house to just hangout and play some video games if there are no assignment. At 6pm i am go to my home and i arrived i cleaning my room and take a bath then prepared for dinner by myself. After it sometimes i talking with my neighboor and friends in front of my house i usually sleep at 12pm in the night because we avoided staying up in at night